Glutamine. Het definitieve oordeel!!!!

[eduardjanssen]

Origineel gepost door (Soulfly)

Nu word het vervelend
Siggi gebruikt ook AS dus moeten we dat ook allemaal doen?

Tuurlijk want zonder aas kom je nergens toch.

[Big'r]

Even een oude koe.......
Deze gegevens zijn interessant genoeg voor een schopje:


Een glutamine tekort komt praktisch nooit voor in mensen en wijst niet noodzakelijk op deficientie.
Although glu-tamine is generally recognized to be safe on the basis of relatively small studies, side effects in patients receiving home parenteral nutrition and in those with liver-function abnormali-ties have been described. Therefore, on the basis of currently available clinical data, it is inappropriate to recommend gluta-mine for therapeutic use in any condition.
There is little confirmatory evidence of glutamine deficiency in humans and of a role for either glutamine replacement therapy or pharmacologic doses of glutamine. Decreased blood concentrations of glutamine do not necessarily indicate a deficient state, as is the case with other nutrients. The loss of amino acids from skeletal muscle is not specific to glutamine (G51).

Inname via voeding is geen maatstaf voor glutamine concentraties.
Inflammation rather than nutritional depletion determines glutamine concentrations and intestinal permeability.
Glutamine supplementation may not even effect plasma and mucosal glutamine concentrations at all. There are concflicting results and the reason for this has not been clarified yet. Major changes in glutamine metabolism take place during inflammatory stress and glutamine supplementation has been most successful under these circumstances. Nutritional depletion per se does not affect glutamine concentrations (G52).

Het mooiste moet nog komen:

Glutamine speelt geen enkele rol in proteine synthese
A protein rich meal (3 g/kg lean beef) in 7 healthy sujects increases AAs from the splanchic bed. BCAAs accounted for more than half of total splanchic AA output. Arterial BCAA concentrations incremented 100-200%. Leg exchange of most AAs reverted from a basal net output to a net uptake which was most marked for the BCAAs. Glutamine was continuously taken up by the splanchic tissues and released by the leg tissues after the protein meal, although their rate of output from the leg declined transiently at 30-60 min. Protein intake resulted in a doubling of arterial insulin and glucagon.
After protein ingestion within 30-60 min. net uptake of the leg was observed for valine, leucine and isoleucine, and to a lesser extent for threonine, serine, glycine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, lysine, histidine, and arginine. The uptake of the BCAAs accounted for more than half of total leg AA uptake at 30-60 min, and for virtually all of the AA uptake at 90-180 min. Throughout the 3-h period of observation after protein intake, a continuous net release of alanine and glutamine was observed.
It is thus clear that the BCAAs are the major source for repletion of muscle nitrogen after protein intake (G53).


(G51)http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/74/1/25
(G52)http://forum.bodybuilding.com/attach...hmentid=243251
(G53)http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/article...ubmedid=947963

[Big'r]

Het snellere herstel dat mensen zeggen te bemerken door glutamine heeft helemaal niets te maken met proteine synthese. Het is geen placebo effect, maar door een verminderde prikkel van de pijn receptoren:

So, what actually causes the soreness?

A bout of exercise causes inflammation, which leads to an increase in the production of immune cells (comprised mostly of macrophages and neutrophils).

Levels of these immune cells reach a peak 24-48 hours after exercise. These cells, in turn, produce bradykinins and prostaglandins, which make the pain receptors in your body more sensitive.

The result?

Whenever you move, these pain receptors are stimulated. Because they're far more sensitive to pain than normal, you end up feeling sore.

De mogelijke afname in spierpijn die mensen voelen tijdens een hoog-glutamine dieet wordt mogelijkerwijs veroorzaakt door de anti-inflammatoire eigenschappen van glutamine. Glutamine versnelt niet daadwerkelijk het herstel (dit gebeurt door een verhoging van de netto proteine balans), het voelt alleen maar zo!

Evaluation of anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of L-glutamine.

It was established that L-glutamine, an aminoacid, has marked anti-inflammatory activity and moderate analgesic activity. The drug was effective orally in suppressing various experimentally induced inflammatory reactions and did not show any gastric irritation in anti-inflammatory doses. It is observed that the anti-inflammatory effect of L-glutamine is not due to counter irritant action. It is suggested that it may partially mediate its anti-inflammatory activity by interfering with the action and/or synthesis of prostaglandins. Its anti-inflammatory activity is comparable to that of phenylbutazone and merits further study.