Effect of dairy calcium or supplementary calcium intake on postprandial fat metabolis

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Effect of dairy calcium or supplementary calcium intake on postprandial fat metabolism, appetite, and subsequent energy intake1,2,3

Janne Kunchel Lorenzen, Sanne Nielsen, Jens Juul Holst, Inge Tetens, Jens Frederik Rehfeld and Arne Astrup

1 From the Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark (JKL, SN, and AA); the Department of Medical Physiology, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (JJH); the Department of Nutrition, Danish Institute for Food and Veterinary Research, Søborg, Denmark (IT); and the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (JFR)


Background: High calcium intake has been shown to increase fecal fat excretion.

Objective: Our aim was to examine whether a high calcium intake from dairy products or from supplements affects postprandial fat metabolism and appetite through fat malabsorption.

Design: Four different isocaloric meals were tested in 18 subjects according to a randomized crossover design. The test meals contained high (HC meal: 172 mg/MJ), medium (MC meal: 84 mg/MJ), or low (LC meal: 15 mg/MJ) amounts of calcium from dairy products or a high amount of calcium given as a calcium carbonate supplement (Suppl meal: 183 mg/MJ). Concentrations of plasma total triacylglycerol, chylomicron triacylglycerol, serum total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, cholecystokinin, glucagon-like peptide 1, ghrelin, peptide YY, glucose, and insulin and appetite sensation were measured before and at regular intervals until 420 min postprandially.

Results: Dairy calcium significantly diminished the postprandial lipid response. The baseline adjusted area under the curve for chylomicron triacylglycerol was 17% lower after the MC meal (P = 0.02) and 19% lower after the HC meal (P = 0.007) than after the LC meal and 15% lower after the MC meal (P = 0.0495) and 17% lower after the HC meal (P = 0.02) than after the Suppl meal. No consistent effects of calcium on appetite sensation, or on energy intake at the subsequent meal, or on the postprandial responses of cholecystokinin, glucagon-like peptide 1, ghrelin, peptide YY, insulin, or glucose were observed.

Conclusions: Increased calcium intakes from dairy products attenuate postprandial lipidemia, most probably because of reduced fat absorption, whereas supplementary calcium carbonate does not exert such an effect. This may be due to differences in the chemical form of calcium or to cofactors in dairy products. Calcium did not affect appetite sensation, glucose metabolism, or gut hormone secretion.



Bijgaande tekst:

Drinking a glass of milk with your meal may reduce fat absorption, suggests a new study published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Researchers in Denmark found that calcium from milk and other dairy foods decreased levels of fat in the blood after eating, which they believe may be due to reduced fat absorption. Calcium from supplements did not have the same effect. The researchers believe this may partially explain why other studies have linked milk with a healthy weight.

In this randomized cross-over clinical trial, the Danish researchers gave 18 moderately overweight men (ages 18-50 years) four different meals: low calcium (68 mg), medium calcium (350 mg), high dairy calcium (793 mg) and high supplement calcium (850 mg). The high dairy calcium diet included additional milk and low-fat yogurt. All four meals had consistent calories and percentages of carbohydrate, fat and protein and were adjusted to control levels of proteins and lactose normally found in dairy products.

Measuring the post-meal responses, researchers found that the fat levels in the blood were between 17 and 19 percent lower among subjects consuming a dairy source of calcium than those receiving the calcium carbonate supplements -- leading the authors to suggest there’s something unique about calcium from dairy foods like milk that deserves additional investigation.

While several research studies have found a connection between the intake of milk and dairy products and a healthy weight, scientists are still studying into the mechanisms behind the proposed link. Previous studies have demonstrated an increased excretion of dietary fat. This is the first clinical study to show that higher dairy calcium could affect post-meal fat absorption, as a means to explain higher dietary fat losses. The researchers found no effects on appetite, appetite-related hormones or feelings of hunger – other mechanisms that have been previously proposed to explain the link between milk and a healthy weight.

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend three servings of lowfat or fat-free milk each day. Milk is packed with nine essential nutrients, including calcium, vitamin A, vitamin D, protein and potassium, especially important for dieters who may be missing out on important nutrients.

Lorenzen JK, Nielsen S, Holst JJ, Tetens I, Rehfeld JF, Astrup A. Effect of dairy calcium or supplementary calcium intake on postprandial fat metabolism, appetite , and subsequent energy intake. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2007;85:678-87.

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